https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.60.02.22.7106

Nutritional, Physicochemical and Structural Parameters of Mauritia flexuosa Fruits and By-Products for Biotechnological Exploration of Sustainable Goods

Joilane Alves Pereira-Freire^1*, Jailane de Souza Aquino², Ana Regina Nascimento Campos³, Vicente Galber Freitas Viana⁴, Joaquim Soares da Costa Júnior⁴, Jurandy do Nascimento Silva^4,5, Arkellau Kenned Silva Moura⁶, Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes Citó⁶, Regilda Saraiva dos Reis Moreira-Araújo⁷, Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves Frota⁷, Stella Regina Arcanjo Medeiros¹ and Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira⁵

¹Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Brazil

²Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, Brazil

³Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil

⁴Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil

⁵Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil

⁶Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil

⁷Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil

Article history:

Received: 20 December 2020

Accepted: 28 March 2022

Keywords:

fatty acids; phytosterols; rheology; scanning electron microscopy; nutritional composition

Summary:

Research background. Commercialization of Mauritia flexuosa (buriti) fruits in Brazil is at an early stage. Herein, we evaluate the nutritional value of pulp, peel and endocarp samples from buriti fruits, perform macroscopic and microscopic evaluations and analyze their physicochemical properties.

Experimental approach. Size and mass, pH, sugar and protein contents, soluble/insoluble fiber, total titratable acidity and energy value of the samples were analyzed. Mineral profiling was performed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and fatty acids and phytosterols were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Samples were also submitted to differential scanning calorimetry coupled to a thermal analyzer, and microstructure, morphology, surface and viscosity were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) with copper radiation. Rheological behavior was also studied. 

Results and conclusions. Lyophilized pulp had higher nutritional content of minerals, proteins, carbohydrates and energy than in natura pulp. Lyophilized pulp and its by-products showed suitable yields (>17.31 %) and low a_w, and potassium, manganese and monounsaturated fatty acid contents. Peels showed elevated amounts of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol), and endothermic behavior. The reductions of calcium, magnesium and manganese ranging from 18.5 to 22.7 % were observed following the lyophilization. Drying processes generated semi-crystalline powders. Both peels and endocarp contained higher amounts of insoluble fiber and lower contents of sugars. Similar results were obtained by microscopic morphological analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and XRD analysis. Pulp and endocarp exhibited pseudoplastic non-Newtonian behavior, and flow behavior index values were lower than 1, while peels presented dilatant behavior. Thus, physicochemical and nutritional characterization of pulp and by-products, such as peels and endocarp, are essential to support scientific research and exploration of new sustainable products. 

Novelty and scientific contribution. Processing and conservation techniques, like lyophilization, maintain the good quality of nutritional contents and bioactive compounds of buriti whole fruits, and can be used to extend their shelf life, preserve alimentary characteristics and provide wider purposes and availability. Such parameters may generate income and food security for local and regional communities.