https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.63.01.25.8771

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Antibacterial Effect of Phenylboronic Acid on Escherichia coli and Its Potential Role as a Decontaminant of Fresh Tomato Fruits

Branka Bedenić¹, Katarina Martinko², Edyta Đermić², Lovorka Vujić³, Siniša Ivanković⁴, Mladen Miloš⁵, Isidoro Feliciello⁶ and Damir Đermić^7*

¹Biomedical Research Center Šalata-BIMIS University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department for Clinical Microbiology and Infection prevention and Control, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia

²University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Phytomedicine, Department of Plant Pathology, Zagreb, Croatia

³University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia

⁴Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia

⁵Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Split, Croatia

⁶Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy

⁷Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia

Copyright © 2024 This is a Diamond Open Access article published under CC-BY licence. Copyright remains with the authors, who grant third parties the unrestricted right to use, copy, distribute and reproduce the article as long as the original author(s) and source are acknowledged.

Article history:

Received: 11 July 2024

Accepted: 13 February 2025

Keywords:

Shigella sonnei; Salmonella enteritidis; Yersinia enterocolitica; multiple-antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli; ESBL

Summary:

Research background. Food safety is threatened by the contamination of fresh fruits and vegetables by pathogenic bacteria, among which the particularly widespread ones are coliform bacteria. Due to the continuous increase in the incidence of severe diseases caused by the consumption of fresh (tomato) fruits contaminated with Escherichia coli, antimicrobial postharvest measures are needed. The problem is that many active antimicrobial compounds have a weak and short-lasting effect and/or are not environmentally friendly. Recently, the antibacterial and antifungal activity of environmentally friendly agent phenylboronic acid (PBA), including on a couple of tomato pathogens, was reported.

Experimental approach. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of PBA on E. coli and three enteropathogenic Enterobacterales, and to check its ability to serve as a bacterial decontaminant of fresh tomato fruits.

Results and conclusions. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PBA against E. coli, as well as Shigella sonnei, Salmonella enteritidis and Yersinia enterocolitica were 1.0, 1.2, 1.0 and 0.8 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, we have shown that PBA has a bacteriostatic effect on E. coli at lower concentrations and a bactericidal effect at higher (>3.0 mg/mL) concentrations. Importantly, the study found that an E. coli strain resistant to seven commonly used antibiotics, as well as strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), is as sensitive to PBA as the wild-type strain lacking any resistance, suggesting that PBA’s mechanism of action differs from that of all these antibiotics. Finally, we have shown that washing and incubating contaminated tomato fruits in PBA solution reduces the growth of E. coli washed from fresh tomato fruits in a dose- (0.5–3.0 mg/mL) and time-dependent manner, while having no adverse effect on the tomato fruits.

Novelty and scientific contribution. This is the first report of PBA’s antibacterial effect on medically important bacteria E. coli, S. enteritidis, S. sonnei and Y. enterocolitica. Moreover, we show that PBA kills multiple-antibiotic resistant E. coli, including those producing ESBL, revealing it as a promising agent against such bacteria. Finally, PBA is shown to be an effective decontaminant of E. coli on fresh tomato fruits.